英语国家概况精讲系列（八）
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III. Elizabeth I （1558-1603）
伊莉莎白一世（1558年-1603年）
Elizabeths religious reform and her foreign policy
伊莉莎白的宗教改革和外交
Elizabeths religious reform was a compromise of views. She broke Marys ties with Rome and restored her fathers independent Church of England， i.e. keeping to Catholic doctrines and practices but to be free of the Papal control. He religious settlement was unacceptable to both the extreme Protestants known as Puritans and to ardent Catholics.
For nearly 30 years Elizabeth successfully played off against each other the two great Catholic powers， France and Spain， and prevented England from getting involved in any major European conflict. Through her marriage alliances which were never materialized， Elizabeth managed to maintain a friendly relationship with France. So England wad able to face the danger from Spain.
伊莉莎白的宗教改革是各种观点的妥协。她中断玛丽与罗马的关系，恢复父王独立的英格兰教会，也就是说保持天主教教条及习俗，但不受教皇控制。她的宗教和解既不被极端的新教徒（即清教徒）所接受，也不为虔诚的天主教徒所接受。
近30年的时间，伊莉莎白成功地令两大天主教强国法国和西班牙互相斗杀，从而免于英国卷入任何主要的欧洲国的冲突。通过她从未具体化的联姻，伊莉莎白设法与法国维持友好关系，因此英国能面对来自西班牙的危险。.
IV. The English Renaissance
英国文艺复兴
Distinctive features of the English Renaissance
英国文艺复兴的特点.
1） English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeans under the influence of the classics；
2） England as an insular country followed a course of social and political history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history elsewhere in Europe；.
3） Owing to the great genius of the 14th century poet Chaucer， the native literature was sufficiently vigorous and experienced in assimilating for foreign influences without being subjected by them；
4） English Renaissance coincided with the Reformation in E
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